This Wi-Fi scanner has a bunch of buttons that make it seem confusing, but you can see what each one means if you hover your mouse over them or just open them. The SoftPerfect Wi-Fi scanning program works on Windows (10, 8, and 7) and macOS (10.7 and higher). WiFi Analyzer can help you to identify Wi-Fi problems, find the best channel or the best place for your router/access-point by turning your PC/laptop, tablet or mobile device into an analyzer for your wireless network. The basic version is completely ad-free and additional. WiFi Analyzer can help you to identify Wi-Fi problems, find the best channel or the best place for your router/access-point by turning your PC/laptop, tablet or mobile device into an analyzer for your wireless network. The basic version is completely ad-free and additional features can be bought via an in-app purchase.
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Planning
![Scanner Scanner](https://insmac.org/uploads/posts/2017-02/1487057943_on1-photo-raw-_01.png)
The key to any good wireless deployment is proper planning, which requires a set of goals and requirements to achieve. Determining minimum signal strength requirements in the coverage area is almost alway part of the network requirements list.
Requirements and Variables
Desired signal strength for optimal performance varies based on many factors, such as background noise in the environment, the amount of clients on the network, what the desired data rates are, and what applications will be used. For example, a VoIP or VoWiFi system may require much better coverage than a barcode scanner system in a warehouse.
Understanding Signal Strength
WiFi signal strength is tricky. The most accurate way to express it is with milliwatts (mW), but you end up with tons of decimal places due to WiFi's super-low transmit power, making it difficult to read. For example, -40 dBm is 0.0001 mW, and the zeros just get more intense the more the signal strength drops.
RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) is a common measurement, but most WiFi adapter vendors handle it differently, as it isn't standardized. Some adapters use a scale of 0-60, and others 0-255.
Launchcontrol 1 38 – create manage and debug launchd(8) services. Ultimately, the easiest and most consistent way to express signal strength is with dBm, which stands for decibels relative to a milliwatt. Since RSSIis handled differently by most WiFi adapters, it's usually converted to dBm to make it consistent and human-readable.
- mW - milliwatts (1 mW = 0 dBm)
- RSSI - Received Signal Strength Indicator (usually 0-60 or 0-255)
- dBm - Decibels in relation to a milliwatt (usually -30 to -100)
Reading dBm
The first thing to understand about dBm is that we're working in negatives. -30 is a higher signal than -80, because -80 is a much lower number.
Next, it's important to know that dBm does not scale in a linear fashion like you'd expect, instead being logarithmic. That means that signal strength changes aren't smooth and gradual. The Rule of 3s and 10s highlights the logarithmic nature of dBm:
3 dB of loss = -3 dB = halves signal strength 3 dB of gain = +3 dB = doubles signal strength
10 dB of loss = -10 dB = 10 times less signal strength (0.1 mW = -10 dBm, 0.01 mW = -20 dBm, etc.)
10 dB of gain = +10 dB = 10 times more signal strength (0.00001 mW = -50 dBm, 0.0001 mW = -40 dBm, etc.)
Ideal Signal Strength
So what signal strength should you shoot for? For simple, low-throughput tasks like sending emails, browsing the web, or scanning barcodes, -70 dBm is a good signal strength. For higher-throughput applications like voice over IP or streaming video, -67 dBm is better, and some engineers recommend -65 dBm if you plan to support mobile devices like iPhones and Android tablets.
Note: The numbers in this chart are suggestions only. The desired signal strengths will vary, based on the requirements for the network.
Signal Strength | TL;DR | Required for | |
---|---|---|---|
-30 dBm | Amazing | Max achievable signal strength. The client can only be a few feet from the AP to achieve this. Not typical or desirable in the real world. | N/A |
-67 dBm | Very Good | Minimum signal strength for applications that require very reliable, timely delivery of data packets. | VoIP/VoWiFi, streaming video |
-70 dBm | Okay | Minimum signal strength for reliable packet delivery. | Email, web |
-80 dBm | Not Good | Minimum signal strength for basic connectivity. Packet delivery may be unreliable. | N/A |
-90 dBm | Unusable | Approaching or drowning in the noise floor. Any functionality is highly unlikely. | N/A |
Tracking Signal Strength
Signal strength is easy to track with inSSIDer. Configure the signal strength threshold to whatever signal strength you require, select your network, and walk the desired coverage area.
If the blue line falls below the dotted line, you know you have a dead spot. That's it!
Next Lesson..
Understanding RSSI
Understanding RSSI
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To connect a mobile phone to a hot spot, you typically open Wi-Fi settings app, list available networks and then pick the hot spot you need. You can also list the networks with ESP8266 and here is how.
This example shows the bare minimum code we need to check for the list of available networks.
Disconnect¶
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To start with, enable module in station mode and then disconnect.
Running
WiFi.disconnect()
is to shut down a connection to an access point that module may have automatically made using previously saved credentials.Scan for Networks¶
After some delay to let the module disconnect, go to scanning for available networks:
Now just check if returned
n
if greater than 0 and list found networks:This is that simple.
Complete Example¶
The sketch should have obligatory
#include<ESP8266WiFi.h>
and looks as follows:Example in Action¶
Upload this sketch to ESP module and open a serial monitor. If there are access points around (sure there are) you will see a similar list repeatedly printed out:
When looking for the text
scanstart..
displayed, you will notice that it takes noticeable time for the following text nnetwork(s)found
to show up. This is because execution of WiFi.scanNetworks()
takes time and our program is waiting for it to complete before moving to the next line of code. What if at the same time we would like ESP to run time critical process (e.g. animation)that should not be disturbed?It turns out that this is fairly easy to do by scanning networks in async mode.
Check it out in next example below that will also demonstrate printing out other parameters of available networks besides SSID.
What we like to do, is to trigger process of scanning for networks and then return to executing code inside the
loop()
. Once scanning is complete, at a convenient time, we will check the list of networks. The “time critical process” will be simulated by a blinking LED at 250ms period.We would like the blinking pattern not be disturbed at any time. Ember 1 7 – versatile digital scrapbook.
No delay()¶
To implement such functionality we should refrain from using any
delay()
inside the loop()
. Instead we will define period when to trigger particular action. Then inside loop()
we will check millis()
(internal clock that counts milliseconds) and fire the action if the period expires.Please check how this is done in BlinkWithoutDelay.ino example sketch. Identical technique can be used to periodically trigger scanning for Wi-Fi networks.
Setup¶
First we should define scanning period and internal variable
lastScanMillis
that will hold time when the last scan has been made.When to Start¶
Then inside the
loop()
we will check if SCAN_PERIOD
expired, so it is time to fire next scan:Please note that
WiFi.scanNetworks(true)
has an extra parameter true
that was not present in previous example above. This is an instruction to scan in asynchronous mode, i.e. trigger scanning process, do not wait for result (processing will be done in background) and move to the next line of code. We need to use asynchronous mode otherwise 250ms LED blinking pattern would be disturbed as scanning takes longer than 250ms.Check When Done¶
Finally we should periodically check for scan completion to print out the result once ready. To do so, we will use function
WiFi.scanComplete()
, that upon completion returns the number of found networks. If scanning is still in progress it returns -1. If scanning has not been triggered yet, it would return -2.Scanner With Wifi
Please note function
WiFi.scanDelete()
that is deleting scanning result from memory, so it is not printed out over and over again on each loop()
run.Complete Example¶
Complete sketch is below. The code inside
setup()
is the same as described in previous example except for an additional pinMode()
to configure the output pin for LED.Example in Action¶
Upload above sketch to ESP module and open a serial monitor. You should see similar list printed out every 5 seconds:
Check the LED. It should be blinking undisturbed four times per second.
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The scan class API provides comprehensive set of methods to do scanning in both synchronous as well as in asynchronous mode. Therefore we can easy implement code that is doing scanning in background without disturbing other processes running on ESP8266 module.
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For the list of functions provided to manage scan mode please refer to the Scan Class documentation.